In the 1990s, NDSM was largely squatted before Amsterdam-Noord began an urban regeneration process in 1999. The squatters realised they needed to adapt to the new situation and formed a foundation called Kinetisch Noord (Kinetic North) to represent their interests. A number of squats which were seen as cultural hotspots were legalized across the city and Kinetisch Noord became engaged in this process, arguing that NDSM was an incubator.
In the 2000s, NDSM became popular as a cultural incubator zone. Groups such as Red Bull, HEMA, MTV and publishing company VNU set up offices and as a result property prices rocketed. At around the same time, other post-industrial zones in other European cities have been redeveloped, such as Andrejsala in Riga, HafenCity in Hamburg, Kaapelitehdas in Helsinki, the Luma factory in Stockholm, Mediaspree in Berlin and the Northern Quarter in Manchester.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NDSM
